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Hanseatic League and Cities (Germany, Latvia, Netherlands, Poland, Estonia, Sweden)

Hanse und Hansestädte

Last modified: 2020-05-03 by klaus-michael schneider
Keywords: hanseatic league | hansa |
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[Common Hansa Cities' Flag]
by Klaus-Michael Schneider, 24 Jun 2011
  • Introduction
  • Hanging Flags 13th-14th Centuries
  • See also:

    Introduction

    List of Hansa Cities according to Nijhoff

    Around 1400 there were over 160 cities members of the Hansa. I do not have an exhaustive list. From Nijhoff's Geschiedenislexicon:
    Netherlands: Deventer, Zutphen, Arnhem, Harderwijk, Elburg, Nijmegen, Kampen, Zwolle, Stavoren, Bolsward, Groningen. Oldenzaal was not a member (possibly confused with Osnabrück)
    Belgium: Dinant
    Germany: Münster, Bremen, Dortmund, Köln, Braunschweig, Osnabrück, Lübeck, Wismar, Greifswald, Rostock, Magdeburg, Berlin, Berlin-Kölln, Emden, Stralsund, Anklam
    Sweden: Visby
    Poland: Kolberg/Kolobrzeg, Stettin/Szczecin, Danzig/Gdansk, Elbing/Elblag, Marienburg/Malbork
    Russia: Königsberg/Kaliningrad, Novgorod
    Lithuania: Memel/Klaipeda
    Latvia: Riga
    Estonia: Pernau/Pärnu, Reval/Tallinn, Narva, Dorpat/Tartu
    Furthermore there were offices in a lot of cities, like Brugge and Antwerpen (Belgium) and Bergen (Norway).
    Jarig Bakker, 28 Mar 2001

    The Hansa existed for some centuries. Originally it was an organisation of merchants, but as their guilds were connected to the towns where they lived, it soon became an organisation for towns. The towns which were members of the Hansa were not the same the whole time.
    Visby is nowadays a part of the municipality of Gotland (...). Stockholm and Calmar (Kalmar) are thought to have been members of the Hansa for short periods, because in some sources they are mentioned as Hanseatic towns, but it could also be because the Hansa had offices there.
    Elias Granqvist, 28 Mar 2001

    List of Hansa Cities according to Putzger and Westermann

    John Ayer pointed out a list of Hanseatic cities, however this does not discriminate between Hansa-cities proper and cities with Hansa offices - Auswürtige Kontore (AK), cities where the Hansa had special privileges. The following list is based on Putzger's Historischer Schulatlas, 1936, and Westermann Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte, 1972:
    Great Britain: AK: York, Hull, Yarmouth, Ipswich, London
    Belgium: Dinant, AK: Brugge, Antwerpen
    Netherlands: Deventer, Zutphen, Arnhem, Harderwijk, Elburg, Nijmegen, Kampen, Zwolle, Stavoren, Bolsward, Groningen, Venlo, Roermond; AK: Dordrecht (if Brugge could not be reached)
    Denmark: Copenhagen; AK: Aalborg
    Norway: AK: Bergen, Tönsberg, Oslo
    Sweden: AK: Malmö, Falsterbo, Skanör, Kalmar, Wisby, Stockholm
    Russia: Königsberg/Kaliningrad, AK: Naugart/Novgorod
    Estonia: Reval/Tallinn, Pernau/Pärnu, Fellin/Viljandi, Dorpat/Tartu, AK: Narwa/Narva
    Latvia: Lemsal/Limbaz^i, Wolmar/Valmiera, Wenden/Ce^sis, Kokenhusen/Koknese, Riga, Windau/Ventspils, Goldingen/Kuldiga
    Lithuania: Memel/Klaip?da, AK: Kauen/Kaunas
    Belarus: Polozk/Polotsk
    Poland: Braunsberg/Braniewo, Elbing/Elblag, Danzig/Gdansk, Kulm/Chełmno, Thorn/Toruń, Marienburg/Malbork, Krakau/Kraków, Breslau/Wrocłav, Stolp/Słupsk, Rügenwalde/Darlowo, Kolberg/Kołobrzeg, Kammin/Kamien, Gollnow/Goleniów, Stettin/Szczecin, Stargard/Stargard Szczeciński,
    Germany: Bremen, Minden, Osnabrück, Herford, Coesfeld, Münster, Bielefeld, Lemgo, Wesel, Dortmund, Duisburg, Neuss, Köln, Paderborn, Höxter, Warburg, Soest, Stade, Buxtehude, Lüneburg, Uelzen, Seehausen, Salzwedel, Stendal, Hannover, Braunschweig, Hameln, Hildesheim, Goslar, Helmstedt, Einbeck, Erfurt, Mühlhausen, Naumburg, Merseburg, Halle, Göttingen, Nordhausen, Aschersleben, Northeim, Halberstadt, Kiel, Lübeck, Hamburg, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund, Greifswald, Wolgast, Demmin, Schwerin, Anklam, Pritzwalk, Prenzlau, Kyritz, Havelberg, Berlin, (Berlin-)Kölln, Tangerm(ünde?), Brandenburg, Frankfurt/Oder.
    Actually Westermann has a lot more, but judging from the Dutch plain wrong entries I have followed mainly Putzger (editorial note: a wise decision).
    Jarig Bakker, 28 Mar 2001

    List of Hansa Cities according to Verein für hansische Geschichte



    Cities without country's name given in brackets are German. Cities marked by two asterixes (**) are not mentioned within source.
    Source: Verein für hansische Geschichte (ed.): "Hansische Geschichtsblätter", vol.1 (1871), Appendix p.XXXI; Leipzig 1872

    Today, the following nine cities call themselves Hansestadt as part of their official name: Hamburg, Bremen, Lübeck, Wismar, Rostock, Greifswald, Stralsund, Anklam, Demmin.
    Stefan Schwoon, 28 Mar 2001

    Norie and Hobbs 1848 shows under
    "150: Hanse Towns" a red flag, upper half white but leaving a narrow border of red along the top and fly. The German editors comment, "The hanseatic colours white and red never appeared in a common flag like no. 150. It could only represent some smaller Dutch cities which used to belong to the Hansa". They are not saying there never was such a common flag, which leaves room for the story that ships of Hansa-members raised a red pennant when entering a member-town or a town where the Hansa had privileges.
    Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, 12 Nov 2001

    Further sources, reconfirming the information given by Peter Hans van den Muijzenberg, are:
    Alphonso Figsbee: "The Maritime Flags and Standards of all Nations", NYC, 1856(?)
    Norie and Hobbs: "306 Illustrations of the Maritime Flags of all Nations" , London 1848, reprint: Hamburg 1987; ISBN 3-89225-153-3
    by Klaus-Michael Schneider, 24 Jun 2011

    The word "Hansa" is the shortened form of the Lower German expression der blanke Hans / de blank haans ("blowing Hans") meaning "withstand the wind".
    Jens Pattke, 22 Dec 2001

    H. Zimmern, The Hansa Towns, 1889, p. 46, says: "The origin of the name of Hansa is wrapped in some mystery. The word is found in Ulfila's Gothic translation of the Bible, as signifying a society, a union of men, particularly in the sense of combatants. He applies it to the band of men, who came to capture Jesus in the garden of Gethsemane. Later on Hansa occurs as a tax on commercial transactions, and also as the sum, a very low one, which the various cities paid as their entrance fee into the association. The league acquired its name after its first great war with Waldemar of Denmark and the peace of Stralsund (1370)."
    I didn't encounter "der blanke Hans", but he may well be part of popular etymology.
    Jarig Bakker, 22 Dec 2001


    Hanging Flags 13th-14th Centuries

    Znamierowski 1999 shows several interesting flags of the Port Cities of northern Europe. These are derived from gonfanons, originally red in color. The flags, in a banner form [i.e. hanging flags], were flown from the stern of the vessels, the mast carrying the gonfanon of the colours. The oldest of the series that Znamierowski 1999 shows dates from the mid-13th century, that of Hamburg. It was followed by the flags of Riga, Lübeck and in the 14th century by Stralsund, Elbing, Danzig, Bremen and Rostock.
    The final three that Znamierowski 1999 shows for Königsberg, Wismar and Stettin in the 15th century.
    Phil Nelson, 20 Feb 2000