
Last modified: 2023-06-03 by  zachary harden
 zachary harden
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 ![[Games of the New Emerging Forces flag]](../images/i/int@ganefo.gif) 
 
 image by Zoltan Horvath, 20 October 2014
The Games of the New Emerging Forces (GANEFO) were the games set up by 
Indonesia in late 1962 as a counter to the Olympic Games. Established for the 
athletes of the so-called "emerging nations" (mainly newly independent socialist 
states), GANEFO made it clear in its constitution that politics and sport were 
intertwined; this ran against the doctrine of the International Olympic 
Committee, which strove to separate politics from sport. The IOC decreed that 
the athletes attending GANEFO would be ineligible to participate in the Olympic 
Games.
Indonesia established GANEFO in the aftermath of IOC censure for the politically 
charged 4th edition of Asian Games in 1962 in Jakarta which Indonesia hosted and 
for which Taiwan and Israel were refused entry cards. The IOC's eventual 
reaction was to indefinitely suspend Indonesia from the IOC. This was the first 
time the IOC suspended one of its members.
The first edition of GANEFO was held in Jakarta, Indonesia on November 10–22, 
1963 for 13 days. 46 nations dispatched about 2,700 athletes.
The second edition of GANEFO had been planned to be held in Cairo, the United 
Arab Republic in 1967, but this was canceled due to political considerations. 
So, the second GANEFO was held in Phnom Penh, Cambodia in November 25-December 
6, 1966, when about 2,000 athletes participated from 17 nations.
Source: 
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GANEFO 
Zoltan Horvath, 20 October 2014
Its flag was white, with GANEFO emblem in the middle. I created its flag 
image. 
Zoltan Horvath, 20 October 2014