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Dominica

Commonwealth of Dominica

Last modified: 2024-06-22 by rob raeside
Keywords: dominica | caribbean | america | parrot | sisserou parrot | star (10) | cross |
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(1:2) image by Zoltan Horvath, 24 May 2024


Official Name: Commonwealth of Dominica
Capital: Roseau
Flag adopted: 3 November 1978 (Modified 1988)
Coat of arms adopted: 21 July 1961


See also:

Other sites:


The National Flag

We say on our website: "The ten lime green stars - the traditional symbol of hope - represent the ten parishes of the country". According to Encyclopaedia Universalis Yearbook, the ten parishes are: St. Andrew St. David, St. George (including the capital city Roseau), St. John, St. Joseph, St. Luke, St. Mark, St. Patrick, St. Paul and St. Peter.
Ivan Sache, 15 June 2004

I see the common name used in Dominica to call the parrot is Amazona imperialis, followed by a scientific binomial name is Sisserou Parrot (Psittacus Imperiala) (see Official Announcement of the Flag at Independence). Zoologically, nowadays the name "Psittacus imperialia" doesn't exist and isn't accepted as the correct Linnaean name of the parrot is Amazona imperialis, Richmond 1899. (The Genus Psittacus contains just one species, which is Psittacus erithacus, Linnaeus 1758; the African grey parrot).
Francesco Dalba, 28 September 2004

Some photos and a lot of descriptive text found (for instance) at www.rarespecies.org/imperial.htm and www.worldparrottrust.org. It seems, that this parrot is highly endangered (around 100 individuals left only).
M. Schmöger, 28 September 2004

From Official Website of the President's Office:

  1. The flag of the Commonwealth of Dominica consists of a circular emblem of red bearing a Sisserou parrot (Amazona imperialis) standing on a twig encircled by ten lime green stars. This is superimposed on three vertical and three horizontal stripes of yellow, black and white forming a triple coloured cross against a general background of forest green.
  2. The central emblem presents the National Bird of Dominica, the Sisserou parrot, also a symbol of flight toward greater heights and fulfillment of aspiration. The Parrot also comes from the Dominica Coat of Arms, thus symbolising the official Seal of the country.
  3. The ten lime green stars - the traditional symbol of hope represent the ten parishes of the country, each with equal status, thus the equality of our people. The red central emblem symbolises Dominica's commitment to social justice.
  4. The yellow, black and white stripes from a triple coloured cross representing the Trinity of God. The cross itself demonstrates belief in God since the Commonwealth of Dominica is founded upon the principles that acknowledge the supremacy of God.
  5. The yellow stripe represents the sunshine of our land, our main agricultural produce: Citrus and Bananas; and is also a symbol of the Carib and Arawak people, the first inhabitants of the Island.
  6. The White stripe represents the clarity of our rivers and waterfalls and the purity of aspiration of our people.
  7. The black stripe represents the rich black soil of our island on which our agriculture is based as well as our African heritage.
  8. The general background of dark green symbolizes our rich verdant forest and the general lushness.

Ivan Sache, 15 November 2008


Colors and Specifications of the Flag

The national flag shown on a Dominican government site is a former flag since order of triband and parrot's position are different from present one and I found a present flag on the same website named Independence 25 at www.avirtualdominica.com. The flag has yellow fimbriation to 10 stars.
The flag chart of U.N. members which I bought in U.N. h/o New York in July 2003 shows yellow fimbriation, same as that of Dominican government website Independence 25.
Nozomi Kariyasu, 5 and 8 May 2005

Now things are really getting complicated. The version at www.avirtualdominica.com shows for the first time a parrot with a green head! Well, the living bird has a blue-violet head. www.rarespecies.org and same at the link "Our national symbols" at the same home page. Here the yellow fimbriation is missing again. Nothing about this in the explanation at this homepage.
J. Patrick Fischer, 5 May 2005

We have no details on the major features - we have several different sizes for the cross and disk, differing versions of the parrot, no size for the stars at all and the official illustration which shows no fimbriation is in the wrong ratio. I did have a copy of the official description for "Lime and Forest Green":
Act No. 18 of 1978, The National Emblems of Dominica Act, signed 31 October 1978, gazetted 1 November 1978 and effective 3 November 1978.
The Schedule, Part II: "The following is a description of the National Flag of Dominica:- Vert three pallets conjoined in pale and as many bars similarly conjoined in fess or argent and sable overall a roundel gules charged with a Sisserou Parrot (Psittacus imperialis) facing sinister perched on a wooden twig proper within a orle of ten mullets.  Also vert."
The description of the arms gives further details on the parrot as follows: "proper beaked and membered or" but as you see no such description is given for the flag.
Just to add a little more to the prevailing confusion about this flag, at the website of the High Commission in London we have another image with yellow fimbriation to the stars.  This time the cross is at 30% and the disk at 55% which gives us yet another layout.
Christopher Southworth, 6 May 2005

The Flag Bulletin XXII:/6/102" of November-December 1983 informs that "Exactly after three years of attainment of independence - on 3 November 1981 - a revised form of the national flag was introduced" and "the disk is two-thirds the width of the flag".
Martin Grieve, 8 May 2005

When I prepared the 2nd edition of my book Lexikon vlajek a znaku zemi sveta  [brz98c] in 2003, I tried to solve the problem of the yellow fimbriation and sent several letters to Dominica. I got the answer from the Dominica Academy of Arts & Sciences that the stars are without the fimbriation in a letter of 25 July 2003.
Ales Brozek, 9 May 2005

Roberto Breschi has very kindly sent me a copy of the 1991 Article from The Flag Bulletin on this very subject, and this says that: "The parrot had its colouring modified to correspond more closely to the appearance of the national bird (the Sisserou or imperial parrot). The stars surrounding the bird originally were 'lime green' instead of the dark green of the flag background. In the second and third versions of the flag the stars became dark green but had fimbriations in yellow.  These fimbriations, not mentioned in the official blazon, have now been omitted".  
In the meantime there seems no doubt that the stars no longer have a yellow fimbriation, and (something of which I was also unaware) that the stars became dark green between 1981 and 1988. 
Christopher Southworth, 9 May 2005

The protocol manual for the London 2012 Olympics (Flags and Anthems Manual London 2012 [loc12]) provides recommendations for national flag designs. Each NOC was sent an image of the flag, including the PMS shades, for their approval by LOCOG. Once this was obtained, LOCOG produced a 60 x 90 cm version of the flag for further approval. So, while these specs may not be the official, government, version of each flag, they are certainly what the NOC believed the flag to be.
For Dominica: PMS 347 green, 185 red, 116 yellow, 254 purple, 430 grey and black. The vertical flag is simply the horizontal version turned 90 degrees clockwise.
Ian Sumner, 10 October 2012

The Flag Manual - Beijing 2008 gives Pantone colors: PMS 603 (yellow), PMS 703 (red), PMS 258 (purple), PMS 363 (green), PMS 430 (gray), and PMS Black.

The Album des Pavillons 2000 [pay00] gives approximate colors in Pantone and CMYK systems:
Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 100-0-80-0
Red: Pantone 185c, CMYK 0-90-75-0
Yellow: Pantone 116c, CMYK 0-15-95-0
Purple: Pantone 254c, CMYK 50-95-0-0

The Album des Pavillons 2023 already specifies the colors of the flags in three color systems.
Purple: Pantone 2070c, CMYK 56-91-0-0, RGB 150-35-153
Red: Pantone 186c, CMYK 14-100-79-4, RGB 200-16-46
Yellow: Pantone 116c, CMYK 0-21-93-0, RGB 255-204-0
Green: Pantone 347c, CMYK 81-12-76-1, RGB 22-155-98

Vexilla Mundi gives colors in Pantone system: PMS 349C(green), PMS 199C (red), PMS 116C (yellow), PMS Black, PMS White, and PMS 265C (purple)

Wikipedia doesn’t give any color specification, but provides a construction sheet: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Dominica_(construction_sheet).svg

Flag Color Codes gives the following color values:
Green: Hex # 009A44, RGB 0-154-68, CMYK 92-0-97-0, Pantone 347, RAL 6024
Yellow: Hex FFCD00, RGB 255-205-0, CMYK 0-10-98-0, Pantone 116, RAL 2007
Black: Hex # 000000, RGB 0-0-0, CMYK 0-0-0-100, Pantone Black, RAL 9005
White: Hex # FFF FFF, RGB 255-255-255, CMYK 0-0-0-0, Pantone N/A, RAL N/A
Red: Hex # E4002B, RGB 228-0-43, CMYK 0-100-89-0, Pantone 185, RAL 3026
Purple: Hex # 981E97, RGB 152-30-151, CMYK 46-98-0-0, Pantone 254, RAL 4006

Zoltan Horvath, 24 May 2024


Previous flags

Flag of 1978

image by Herman De Wael, 8 June 1997

Flag of 1981

image by Herman De Wael, 8 June 1997

First adopted 3 November 1978. Black and white bands interchanged on 3 November 1981, posture of parrot changed 1988. Originally the stars had no yellow border.
Mark Sensen , 2 January 1996

Flag up to 1990

(1:2) image by Carlos Esparza, 9 February 2001

The flag of Dominica was last modified on 3 November 1990, when yellow fimbriation around the stars removed.
Zoltan Horvath, 24 May 2024

From Album 2000 [pay00] - National Flag (CSW/CSW 1:2) - Green flag with yellow-black-white cross and red disk with 10 yellow bordered green stars and Sisserou parrot (looking towards hoist). The construction details are given beside the figure as (9+2+2+2+9):(21+2+2+2+21). Measuring the image in Album 2000, the disk diameter appears to be equal to 12 units (i.e. double the three stripes width). It is hard to judge the size of the stars, they appear to be inscribed in circles larger then 2 units, but whether they are 3x, I couldn't say. Maybe the document from which Armand got the rest of the construction would say more. I doubt that the size of yellow border is prescribed. The use of unusual colours in this flag might be a good reason to quote the colour approximation provided in Album: green Pantone 347c, red Pantone 185c. yellow Pantone 116c and purple Pantone 254c.
Željko Heimer, 15 June 2001

Is there some branch under the parrot and what is the orientation of stars?
Note: The Sisserou parrot is, scientifically, Amazona Imperialis.
Jan Zrzavy, 16 June 2001

The image by Carlos Esparza is very well done regarding the details in the disk (however, the cross is not quite according to the Album specification, though). So the stars are pointing "outwards" but that virtually means that the topmost star is pointing upwards and then interchangeably next one is pointing downwards, and next one upwards again and so on. There is a yellow branch on which the parrot is sitting (not brownish as by Carlos). The beak and "fingers" are white (or very light yellow?) in Album, and those parts that are in Carlo's image blue are purple in Album. There should not be the small green part between the two purple parts (near the beak) - all should be purple there.
I always wondered - Dominica was under British colonial influence, so how come that they never adopted anything similar to the British flags & ensigns system?
Željko Heimer, 16 June 2001


Official Announcement of 3 November 1978

The new Dominica independence flag is now on display at Government headquarters. Dominicans are invited to view the flag on the third floor of the building.

The flag in an amendment of a design submitted by Alwin Bully for a flag competition held early this year. It consists of a circular emblem of red bearing a Sisserou Parrot (Psittacus imperiala) standing on a twig encircled by ten lime green stars. This is superimposed on three vertical and three horizontal stripes of yellow, white and black forming a triple coloured cross against a general background of forest green.

The central emblem presents the National Bird of Dominica, the Sisserou Parrot, also a symbol of flight towards greater heights and fulfillment of aspirations. The Parrot also comes from the Dominica Coat of Arms thus symbolising the official seal of the country.

The ten lime green stars - the traditional symbol of hope - represent the ten parishes of the country, each with equal status, thus the equality of our people. The red central emblem carries the connotation of socialism.

The yellow, white and black stripes form a triple coloured cross representing the Trinity of God. The cross itself demonstrates belief in God since the Commonwealth of Dominica is founded upon principles that acknowledge the supremacy of God.

The yellow stripe represents the sunshine of our land, our main agricultural products: citrus and bananas and also a symbol of the Carib people, the first inhabitants of the Island.

The white stripe represents the clarity of our rivers and waterfalls and the purity of aspiration of our people.

The black stripe represents the rich black soil of our island on which our agriculture is based and also our African heritage.

The general background of dark green symbolises our rich verdant forests and the general lushness of the island.

The flag can be seen during normal working hours. Citizens may, if they so desire, use the colours of the flag for making buntings to decorate their houses and surroundings during Independence Celebrations.

"The army loyal to the Prime Minister Mary Eugenia Charles represses a revolt lead by the ex-commander-in-chief of Dominican Army Frederik Newton and by his vice Ashton Benjamin; they are arrested together with more than 90 people. The rebels tried to assail the prison in which there was the ex-Prime Minister Patrick John, who was arrested on 12 February 1981"

So I argue that the little change of the flag is someway related with the change of government happened in the same year.
Giuseppe Bottasini


Vertical Hoisting

image by Zoltan Horvath, 24 May 2024

The flag is hung with the reverse showing, but the parrot retains the original position.
Graham Bartram and Željko Heimer, 7 August 1996


Subdivisions

Dominica is divided to 10 parishes. There are no known flags of those parishes. The parishes are:
- Saint Andrew
- Saint David
- Saint George
- Saint John
- Saint Joseph
- Saint Luke
- Saint Mark
- Saint Patrick
- Saint Paul
- Saint Peter
List based on Administrative divisions of the World.
Ivan Sache, 15 June 2004

I take it that these are governmental designations rather than ecumenical (i.e., the parishes are not literally church parishes, but are administrative divisions).
James Dignan, 15 June 2004

They are listed in Encyclopaedia Universalis Yearbook as administrative divisions but they probably match church divisions. Religion seems to be very important in those Caribbean islands and it is not so surprising that the administrative divisions are called parishes.
Ivan Sache, 16 June 2004